The marine environment is a precious asset. The oceans and seas provide 99% of the available living space on the planet; they cover 71% of the Earth's surface and contain 90% of the biosphere and consequently contain more biological diversity than terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Marine ecosystems play a key role in climate and weather patterns. Indispensable to life itself， the marine environment is also a great con-tributor to economic prosperity， social well-being and quality of life.